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We present a quantum mechanical treatment of the mechanical stirring ofBose-Einstein condensates using classical field techniques. In our approach thecondensate and excited modes are described using a Hamiltonian classical fieldmethod in which the atom number and (rotating frame) energy are strictlyconserved. We simulate a T = 0 quasi-2D condensate perturbed by a rotatinganisotropic trapping potential. Vacuum fluctuations in the initial stateprovide an irreducible mechanism for breaking the initial symmetries of thecondensate and seeding the subsequent dynamical instability. Highly turbulentmotion develops and we quantify the emergence of a rotating thermal componentthat provides the dissipation necessary for the nucleation and motional-dampingof vortices in the condensate. Vortex lattice formation is not observed, ratherthe vortices assemble into a spatially disordered vortex liquid state. Wediscuss methods we have developed to identify the condensate in the presence ofan irregular distribution of vortices, determine the thermodynamic parametersof the thermal component, and extract damping rates from the classical fieldtrajectories.

Dynamical thermalization and vortex formation in stirred 2D Bose-Einstein condensates