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We study experimentally and theoretically the production of characteristic Kax-rays during the interaction of intense infrared laser pulse with largeN~10^4-10^6 atoms/ argon clusters. We focus on the influence of laser intensityand pulse length on both the total x-ray yields and the charge-statedistributions of the emitting cluster argon ions. An experimental optimizationof the x-ray yield based on the setup geometry is presented and the role of theeffective focal volume is investigated. Our theoretical model is based on amean-field Monte-Carlo simulation and allows identifying the effective heatingof a subensemble of electrons in strong fields as the origin of the observedx-ray emission. Well-controlled experimental conditions allow a quantitativebench marking of absolute x-ray yields as well as charge state distributions ofions having a K-shell vacancy. The presence of an optimum pulse duration thatmaximizes the x-ray yield at constant laser energy is found to be the result ofthe competition between the single cluster dynamics and the number of clustersparticipating in the emission.

Effect of pulse duration on the x-ray emission from Ar clusters in intense laser fields