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Erbium doped solids are potential candidates for the realization of a quantummemory for photons at telecommunication wavelengths. The implementation ofquantum memory proposals in rare earth ion doped solids require spectraltailoring of the inhomogeneous absorption profile by efficient populationtransfer between ground state levels (spin polarization) using optical pumping.In this article we investigate the limiting factors of efficient opticalpumping between ground state Zeeman levels in an erbium doped Y2SiO5 crystal.We introduce two methods to overcome these limiting factors: stimulatedemission using a second laser and spin mixing using radio frequency excitation.Both methods significantly improve the degree of spin polarization. Populationtransfer between two Zeeman levels with less than 10 % of the total populationin the initial ground state is achieved, corresponding to a spin polarizationgreater than 90 %. In addition, we demonstrate spectral tailoring by isolatinga narrow absorption peak within a large transparency window.

State Preparation by Optical Pumping in Erbium Doped Solids using Stimulated Emission and Spin Mixing