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We have studied the effect of resonant electronic state coupling on theformation of ultracold ground-state $^{85}$Rb$_2$. Ultracold Rb$_2$ moleculesare formed by photoassociation (PA) to a coupled pair of $0_u^+$ states,$0_u^+(P_{1/2})$ and $0_u^+(P_{3/2})$, in the region below the $5S+5P_{1/2}$limit. Subsequent radiative decay produces high vibrational levels of theground state, $X ^1\Sigma_g^+$. The population distribution of these $X$ statevibrational levels is monitored by resonance-enhanced two-photon ionizationthrough the $2 ^1\Sigma_u^+$ state. We find that the populations of vibrationallevels $v''$=112$-$116 are far larger than can be accounted for by theFranck-Condon factors for $0_u^+(P_{1/2}) \to X ^1\Sigma_g^+$ transitions withthe $0_u^+(P_{1/2})$ state treated as a single channel. Further, theground-state molecule population exhibits oscillatory behavior as the PA laseris tuned through a succession of $0_u^+$ state vibrational levels. Both ofthese effects are explained by a new calculation of transition amplitudes thatincludes the resonant character of the spin-orbit coupling of the two $0_u^+$states. The resulting enhancement of more deeply bound ground-state moleculeformation will be useful for future experiments on ultracold molecules.

Enhancement of the formation of ultracold $^{85}$Rb$_2$ molecules due to resonant coupling