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We studied the recollision dynamics between the electrons and D$_2^+$ ionsfollowing the tunneling ionization of D$_2$ molecules in an intense short pulselaser field. The returning electron collisionally excites the D$_2^+$ ion toexcited electronic states from there D$_2^+$ can dissociate or be furtherionized by the laser field, resulting in D$^+$ + D or D$^+$ + D$^+$,respectively. We modeled the fragmentation dynamics and calculated theresulting kinetic energy spectrum of D$^+$ to compare with recent experiments.Since the recollision time is locked to the tunneling ionization time whichoccurs only within fraction of an optical cycle, the peaks in the D$^+$ kineticenergy spectra provides a measure of the time when the recollision occurs. Thiscollision dynamics forms the basis of the molecular clock where the clock canbe read with attosecond precision, as first proposed by Corkum and coworkers.By analyzing each of the elementary processes leading to the fragmentationquantitatively, we identified how the molecular clock is to be read from themeasured kinetic energy spectra of D$^+$ and what laser parameters be used inorder to measure the clock more accurately.Comment: 13 pages with 14 figure

physical review. a, atomic, molecular, and optical physics/physical review, a, atomic, molecular, and optical physics

Correlation dynamics between electrons and ions in the fragmentation of<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mrow><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">D</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mn>2</mml:mn></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:mrow></mml:math>molecules by short laser pulses

Correlation dynamics between electrons and ions in the fragmentation ofD2molecules by short laser pulses