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P representation techniques, which have been very successful in quantumoptics and in other fields, are also useful for general bosonic quantumdynamical many-body calculations such as Bose-Einstein condensation. Weintroduce a representation called the gauge P representation which greatlywidens the range of tractable problems. Our treatment results in an infiniteset of possible time-evolution equations, depending on arbitrary gaugefunctions that can be optimized for a given quantum system. In some cases,previous methods can give erroneous results, due to the usual assumption ofvanishing boundary conditions being invalid for those particular systems.Solutions are given to this boundary-term problem for all the cases where it isknown to occur: two-photon absorption and the single-mode laser. We alsoprovide some brief guidelines on how to apply the stochastic gauge method toother systems in general, quantify the freedom of choice in the resultingequations, and make a comparison to related recent developments.Comment: 17 pages, 5 figures. v2: Some changes in Appendix 1. Typos correcte

physical review. a, atomic, molecular, and optical physics/physical review, a, atomic, molecular, and optical physics

Gauge<mml:math xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mml:mi>P</mml:mi></mml:math>representations for quantum-dynamical problems: Removal of boundary terms

GaugePrepresentations for quantum-dynamical problems: Removal of boundary terms