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Atomic diffraction through double slits and transmission gratings is welldescribed in terms of the associated de Broglie waves and classical waveoptics. However, for weakly bound and relatively large systems, such as theHe_2 dimer, this might no longer hold true due to the possibility of break-upprocesses and finite-size effects. We therefore study the diffraction of weaklybound two-particle systems. If the bar and slit widths of the grating are muchlarger than the diameter of the two-particle system we recover the usual opticsresults. For smaller widths, however, deviations therefrom occur. We find thatthe location of possible diffraction peaks is indeed still governed by theusual grating function from optics, but the peaks may have a lower intensity.This is not unexpected when break-up processes are allowed. More unusuallythough, diffraction peaks which would be absent for de Broglie waves mayreappear. The results are illustrated for diffraction of He_2.Comment: 15 pages RevTeX + 7 figure

Atomic versus molecular diffraction: Influence of breakups and finite size