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The Rydberg dipole-blockade has emerged as the standard mechanism to induceentanglement between neutral atom qubits. In these protocols, laser fields thatcouple qubit states to Rydberg states are modulated to implement entanglinggates. Here we present an alternative protocol to implement entangling gatesvia Rydberg dressing and a microwave-field-driven spin-flip blockade [Y.-Y. Jauet al, Nat. Phys. 12, 71 (2016)]. We consider the specific example of qubitsencoded in the clock states states of cesium. An auxiliary hyperfine state isoptically dressed so that it acquires partial Rydberg character. It thus actsas a proxy Rydberg state, with a nonlinear light-shift that plays the role ofblockade strength. A microwave-frequency field coupling a qubit state to thisdressed auxiliary state can be modulated to implement entangling gates. Logicgate protocols designed for the optical regime can be imported to thismicrowave regime, for which experimental control methods are more robust. Weshow that unlike the strong dipole-blockade regime usually employed in Rydbergexperiments, going to a moderate-spin-flip-blockade regime results in fastergates and smaller Rydberg decay. We study various regimes of operations thatcan yield high-fidelity two-qubit entangling gates and characterize theiranalytical behavior. In addition to the inherent robustness of microwavecontrol, we can design these gates to be more robust to thermal fluctuations inatomic motion as well to laser amplitude, and other noise sources such as straybackground fields.

Entangling quantum logic gates in neutral atoms via the microwave-driven spin-flip blockade