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Central spin models, where a single spinful particle interacts with a spinenvironment, find wide application in quantum information technology and can beused to describe, e.g., the decoherence of a qubit over time. We propose amethod of realizing an ultracold quantum simulator of a central spin model withXX (spin-exchanging) interactions. The proposed system consists of a singleRydberg atom ("central spin") and surrounding polar molecules ("bath spins"),coupled to each other via dipole-dipole interactions. By mapping internalparticle states to spin states, spin-exchanging interactions can be simulated.As an example system geometry, we consider a ring-shaped arrangement of bathspins, and show how it allows us to exact precise control over the interactionstrengths. We numerically analyze two example dynamical scenarios which can besimulated in this setup: a decay of central spin polarization, which canrepresent qubit decoherence in a disordered environment, and a transfer of aninput spin state to a specific output spin, which can represent thetransmission of a single bit across a quantum network. We demonstrate that thissetup allows us to realize a central spin model with highly tunable parametersand geometry, for applications in quantum science and technology.

Quantum simulation of the central spin model with a Rydberg atom and polar molecules in optical tweezers