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We propose to detect phonon and roton excitations in a two-dimensionalBose-Einstein condensate with Raman-induced spin-orbit coupling by perturbingthe atomic cloud with a weak barrier. The two excitation modes can be observedby moving the barrier along different directions in appropriate parameterregimes. Phonon excitations are identified by the appearance of solitary waves,while roton excitations lead to distinctive spatial density modulations. Weshow that this method can also be used to determine the anisotropic criticalvelocities of superfluid.

Detection of roton and phonon excitations in a spin-orbit coupled Bose-Einstein condensate with a moving barrier