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Any treatment of magnetic interactions between atoms, molecules and opticalmedia must start at the form of the interaction energy. This forms the base onwhich predictions about any number of magnetic atom-light properties stands --spontaneous decay rates and forces included. As is well-known, theHeaviside-Larmor duality symmetry of Maxwell's equations, where electric andmagnetic quantities are exchanges, is broken by the usual form of the magneticinteraction energy. We argue that this symmetry can be restored by includinggeneral local-field effects, and that local fields should be treated as anecessity for correctly translating between the microscopic world of the dipoleand the macroscopic world of the measured fields. This may additionally aid inresolving a long standing debate over the form of the force on a dipole in amedium. Finally, we compute the magnetic dipole decay rate in amagneto-dielectric with local-field effects taken into account, and show thatmacroscopic quantum electrodynamics can be made to be dual symmetric at anoperator level, instead of only for expectation values.

Duality, decay rates and local-field models in macroscopic QED