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Strong-field ionization of polar molecules contains rich dynamical processessuch as tunneling, excitation, and Stark shift. These processes occur on asub-cycle time scale and are difficult to distinguish in ultrafastmeasurements. Here, with a developed strong-field model considering effects ofboth Coulomb and permanent dipole, we show that photoelectron momentumdistributions (PMDs) in orthogonal two-color laser fields can be utilized toresolve these processes with attosecond-scale resolution. A feature quantityrelated to the asymmetry in PMDs is obtained, with which the complex electrondynamics of polar molecules in each half laser cycle is characterized and thesubtle time difference when electrons escaping from different sides of thepolar molecule is identified.

Characterizing Sub-Cycle Electron Dynamics of Polar Molecules by Asymmetry in Photoelectron Momentum Distributions