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We investigate the universally non-equilibrium dynamics of superradiant phasetransition in the anisotropic quantum Rabi model. By introducing position andmomentum operators, we obtain the ground states and their excitation gaps forboth normal and superradiant phases via perturbation theory. We analyticallyextract the critical exponents from the excitation gap and the diverging lengthscale near the critical point, and find that the critical exponents areindependent upon the anisotropy ratio. Moreover, by simulating the real-timedynamics across the critical point, we numerically extract the criticalexponents from the phase transition delay and the diverging length scale, whichare well consistent with the analytical ones. Our study provides a dynamic wayto explore universal critical behaviors in the quantum Rabi model.

Universal dynamics of superradiant phase transition in the anisotropic quantum Rabi model