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Resolved sideband cooling is a standard technique for cooling trapped ionsbelow the Doppler limit to near their motional ground state. Yet, the mostcommon methods for sideband cooling implicitly rely on low Doppler-cooledtemperatures and tightly confined ions, and they cannot be optimized fordifferent experimental conditions. Here we introduce a framework whichcalculates the fastest possible pulsed sideband cooling sequence for a givennumber of pulses and set of experimental parameters, and we verify itsimprovement compared to traditional methods using a trapped $^{171}$Yb$^+$ ion.After extensive cooling, we find that the ion motional distribution isdistinctly non-thermal and thus not amenable to standard thermometrytechniques. We therefore develop and experimentally validate an improved methodto measure ion temperatures after sideband cooling. These techniques willenable more efficient cooling and thermometry within trapped-ion systems,especially those with high initial temperatures or spatially-extended ionwavepackets.

Optimized pulsed sideband cooling and enhanced thermometry of trapped ions