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We use optimal control in order to find the optimal shapes of pulsesmaximizing the population transfer between two bound states which are coupledvia a continuum of states. We find that the optimal bounded controls acquirethe bang-interior and interior-bang form, with the bang part corresponding tothe maximum allowed control value and the interior part to values between zeroand the maximum. Then, we use numerical optimal control to obtain the switchingtimes and the interior control values. We compare our results with thoseobtained using Gaussian STIRAP pulses, and find that the optimal methodperforms better, with the extent of improvement depending on the effectivetwo-photon detuning and the size of incoherent losses. When we considereffective two-photon resonance, the improvement is more dramatic for largerincoherent losses, while when we take into account the effective two-photondetuning, the improvement is better for smaller incoherent losses. We alsoobtain how the transfer efficiency increases with increasing absolute value ofthe Fano factor. The present work is expected to find application in areaswhere the population transfer between two bound states through a continuumstructure plays an important role, for example coherence effects, likepopulation trapping and electromagnetically induced transparency, opticalanalogs for light waves propagating in waveguide-based photonic structures, andqubits coupled via a continuum of bosonic or waveguide modes.

Optimized pulses for population transfer via laser induced continuum structures