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Qubits encoded in hyperfine states of trapped ions are ideal for quantumcomputation given their long lifetimes and low sensitivity to magnetic fields,yet they suffer from off-resonant scattering during detection often limitingtheir measurement fidelity. In ${}^{171}$Yb$^{+}$ this is exacerbated by a lowfluorescence yield, which leads to a need for complex and expensive hardware -a problematic bottleneck especially when scaling up the number of qubits. Wedemonstrate a detection routine based on electron shelving to address thisissue in ${}^{171}$Yb$^{+}$ and achieve a 5.6$\times$ reduction in single-iondetection error on an avalanche photodiode to $1.8(2)\times10^{-3}$ in a 100$\mu$s detection period, and a 4.3$\times$ error reduction on an electronmultiplying CCD camera, with $7.7(2)\times10^{-3}$ error in 400 $\mu$s. Wefurther improve the characterization of a repump transition at 760 nm to enablea more rapid reset of the auxiliary $^2$F$_{7/2}$ states populated aftershelving. Finally, we examine the detection fidelity limit using the long-lived$^2$F$_{7/2}$ state, achieving a further 300$\times$ and 12$\times$ reductionin error to $6(7)\times10^{-6}$ and $6.3(3)\times10^{-4}$ in 1 ms on therespective detectors. While shelving-rate limited in our setup, we suggestvarious techniques to realize this detection method at speeds compatible withquantum information processing, providing a pathway to ultra-high fidelitydetection in ${}^{171}$Yb$^{+}$.

Scalable hyperfine qubit state detection via electron shelving in the ${}^2$D$_{5/2}$ and ${}^2$F$_{7/2}$ manifolds in ${}^{171}$Yb$^{+}$