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Nitrogen vacancy (NV) centers in diamond have attracted considerable recentinterest for use in quantum sensing, promising increased sensitivity forapplications ranging from geophysics to biomedicine. Conventional sensingschemes involve monitoring the change in red fluorescence from the NV centerunder green laser and microwave illumination. Due to the strong fluorescencebackground from emission in the NV triplet state and low relative contrast ofany change in output, sensitivity is severely restricted by a high optical shotnoise level. Here, we propose a means to avoid this issue, by using the changein green pump absorption through the diamond as part of a semiconductorexternal cavity laser run close to lasing threshold. We show theoreticalsensitivity to magnetic field on the pT/sqrt(Hz) level is possible using adiamond with an optimal density of NV centers. We discuss the physicalrequirements and limitations of the method, particularly the role of amplifiedspontaneous emission near threshold and explore realistic implementations usingcurrent technology.

Laser threshold magnetometry using green light absorption by diamond nitrogen vacancies in an external cavity laser