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We investigate the different photon emission regimes created by a preexcitedand collimated atomic beam passing through a single mode of an optical cavity.In the regime where the cavity degrees of freedom can be adiabaticallyeliminated, we find that the atoms undergo superradiant emission when thecollective linewidth exceeds the transit-time broadening. We analyze the casewhere the atomic beam direction is slanted with respect to the cavity axis. Forthis situation, we find that a phase of continuous light emission similar tosteady-state superradiance is established providing the tilt of the atomic beamis sufficiently small. However, if the atoms travel more than half a wavelengthalong the cavity axis during one transit time we predict a dynamical phasetransition to a new bistable superradiant regime. In this phase the atomsundergo collective spontaneous emission with a frequency that can be eitherblue or red detuned from the free-space atomic resonance. We analyze thedifferent superradiant regimes and the quantum critical crossover boundaries.In particular we find the spectrum of the emitted light and show that thelinewidth exhibits features of a critical scaling close to the phaseboundaries.

Regular and bistable steady-state superradiant phases of an atomic beam traversing an optical cavity