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We introduce a novel and concise methodology to detect the parity of atomicand molecular orbitals based on photoelectron holography, which is more generalthan the existing schemes. It fully accounts for the Coulomb distortions ofelectron trajectories, does not require sculpted fields to retrieve phaseinformation and, in principle, is applicable to a broad range of electronmomenta. By comparatively measuring the differential photoelectron spectra fromstrong-field ionization of N$_{2}$ molecules and their companion atoms of Ar,some photoelectron holography patterns are found to be dephased for bothtargets. This is well reproduced by the full-dimensional time-dependentSchr\"{o}dinger equation and the Coulomb quantum-orbit strong-fieldapproximation (CQSFA) simulation. Using the CQSFA, we trace back ourobservations to different parities of the 3$p$ orbital of Ar and thehighest-occupied molecular orbital of N$_{2}$ via interfering Coulomb-distortedquantum orbits carrying different initial phases. This method could inprinciple be used to extract bound-state phases from any holographic structure,with a wide range of potential applications in recollision physics andspectroscopy.

Holographic detection of parity in atomic and molecular orbitals