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Anion and cation emission following water dissociation was studied for6.6-keV $^{16}$O$^{+}$ + H$_{2}$O collisions. Absolute cross sections for theemission of all positively and negatively charged fragments, differential inboth energy and observation angle, were measured. The fragments formed in hard,binary collisions appearing in peaks were distinguishable from those created insoft collisions with many-body dynamics that result in a broad energy spectrum.A striking feature is that anions and cations are emitted with similar energyand angular distributions, with a nearly constant ratio of about 1:100 forH$^{-}$ to H$^{+}$. Model calculations were performed at different levels ofcomplexity. Four-body scattering simulations reproduce the measured fragmentdistributions if adequate kinetic-energy release of the target is taken intoaccount. Providing even further insight into the underlying processes,predictions of a thermodynamic model indicate that transfer ionization at smallimpact parameters is the dominant mechanism for H$^{+}$ creation. The presentfindings confirm our earlier observation that in molecular fragmentationinduced by slow, singly charged ions, the charge states of the emitted hydrogenfragments follow a simple statistical distribution independent of the way theyare formed.

Anion and cation emission from water molecules after collisions with 6.6-keV $^{16}$O$^{+}$ ions