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We report on a generic cooling technique for atoms trapped in opticallattices. It consists in modulating the lattice depth with a proper frequencysweeping. This filtering technique removes the most energetic atoms, andprovides with the onset of thermalization a cooling mechanism reminiscent ofevaporative cooling. However, the selection is here performed in quasi-momentumspace rather than in position space. Interband selection rules are used toprotect the population with a zero quasi-momentum, namely the Bose Einsteincondensate. Direct condensation of thermal atoms in an optical lattice is alsoachieved with this technique. It offers an interesting complementary coolingmechanism for quantum simulations performed with quantum gases trapped inoptical lattices.

Direct cooling in an optical lattice by amplitude modulation