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The only molecular similarity in sex determination found so far among phyla is between the  Drosophila doublesex  ( dsx ) and  Caenorhabditis elegans mab-3  genes.  dsx  and mab-3  contain a zinc finger-like DNA-binding motif called the DM domain, perform several related regulatory functions, and are at least partially interchangeable in vivo. A DM domain gene called Dmrt1  has been implicated in male gonad development in a variety of vertebrates, on the basis of embryonic expression and chromosomal location. Such evidence is highly suggestive of a conserved role(s) for  Dmrt1  in vertebrate sexual development, but there has been no functional analysis of this gene in any species. Here we show that murine  Dmrt1  is essential for postnatal testis differentiation, with mutant phenotypes similar to those caused by human chromosome 9p deletions that remove the gene. As in the case of 9p deletions,  Dmrt1  is dispensable for ovary development in the mouse. Thus, as in invertebrates, a DM domain gene regulates vertebrate male development.

Dmrt1, a gene related to worm and fly sexual regulators, is required for mammalian testis differentiation