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band , an allele enabling clear visualization of circadianly regulated spore formation (conidial banding), has remained an integral tool in the study of circadian rhythms for 40 years.  bd  was mapped using single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), cloned, and determined to be a T79I point mutation in  ras-1 . Alterations in light-regulated gene expression in the  ras-1 bd   mutant suggests that the  Neurospora  photoreceptor WHITE COLLAR-1 is a target of RAS signaling, and increases in transcription of both  wc-1  and  fluffy  show that regulators of conidiation are elevated in  ras-1 bd  . Comparison of  ras-1 bd   with dominant active and dominant-negative  ras-1  mutants and biochemical assays of RAS function indicate that RAS-1 bd  displays a modest enhancement of GDP/GTP exchange and no change in GTPase activity. Because the circadian clock in  ras-1 bd   appears to be normal,  ras-1 bd   apparently acts to amplify a subtle endogenous clock output signal under standard assay conditions. Reactive oxygen species (ROS), which can affect and be affected by RAS signaling, increase conidiation, suggesting a link between generation of ROS and RAS-1 signaling; surprisingly, however, ROS levels are not elevated in  ras-1 bd  . The data suggest that interconnected RAS- and ROS-responsive signaling pathways regulate the amplitude of circadian- and light-regulated gene expression in  Neurospora .

The band mutation in Neurospora crassa is a dominant allele of ras-1 implicating RAS signaling in circadian output