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Methylated H3K27 is an important mark for  Polycomb  group (PcG) protein-mediated transcriptional gene silencing (TGS) in multicellular eukaryotes. Here a  Drosophila  E(z) homolog,  EZL1 , is characterized in the ciliated protozoan  Tetrahymena thermophila  and is shown to be responsible for H3K27 methylation associated with developmentally regulated heterochromatin formation and DNA elimination. Importantly, Ezl1p-catalyzed H3K27 methylation occurs in an RNA interference (RNAi)-dependent manner. H3K27 methylation also regulates H3K9 methylation in these processes. Furthermore, an “effector” of programmed DNA elimination, the chromodomain protein Pdd1p, is shown to bind both K27- and K9-methylated H3. These studies provide a framework for an RNAi-dependent, Polycomb group protein-mediated heterochromatin formation pathway in  Tetrahymena  and underscore the connection between the two highly conserved machineries in eukaryotes.

RNAi-dependent H3K27 methylation is required for heterochromatin formation and DNA elimination in Tetrahymena