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Abasic (AP) sites arise in DNA through spontaneous base loss and enzymatic removal of damaged bases.  APN1  encodes the major AP-endonuclease of  Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Human  HAP1 ( REF1 ) encodes the major AP endonuclease which, in addition to its role in DNA repair, functions as a redox regulatory protein. We identify  APN2 , the yeast homolog of  HAP1  and provide evidence that Apn1 and Apn2 represent alternate pathways for repairing AP sites. The  apn1Δ apn2Δ  strain displays a highly elevated level of MMS-induced mutagenesis, which is dependent on the  REV3 ,  REV7 , and  REV1  genes. Our findings indicate that AP sites are highly cytotoxic and mutagenic in eukaryotes, and that the  REV3 ,  REV7 -encoded DNA polymerase ζ mediates the mutagenic bypass of AP sites.

genes and development

Identification of APN2, the Saccharomyces cerevisiae homolog of the major human AP endonuclease HAP1, and its role in the repair of abasic sites