Assessment of the ferret as an in vivo model for mumps virus infection

Humans are the sole reservoir for mumps virus (MuV), the causative agent of mumps. No animal model currently exists; therefore, in vivo knowledge of the virus is limited. Ferrets were assessed for their susceptibility to MuV based on their success as a model for influenza. We infected ferrets with clinical or attenuated vaccine MuVs by the nasal route and demonstrated evidence of immunogenicity in these animals with generation of a serum antibody response specific to MuV infection and cytokine production consistent with infection. However, no live virus or viral RNA was detected in nasal washes, oral swabs, urine, faeces or tissue homogenates, and no animals exhibited clinical signs. We suggest results to be obtained from ferrets are limited in fundamental in vivo MuV research and that they may not be a suitable animal model for this virus.