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The emergence in 2009 of a novel influenza A (H1N1) virus was responsible for a pandemic outbreak of febrile respiratory infections worldwide (NSOIAVIT, 2009). During the first pandemic wave, specific real-time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) assays were the reference methods for the detection of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 influenza virus, leading to the overload of laboratory facilities due to the large number of clinical samples analysed (Duchamp et al., 2010). The re-emergence during winter 2011 of the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus highlighted the need for commercially available and readily performed influenza diagnostic tests capable of detecting and subtyping influenza A viral strains in respiratory samples. The previously reported sensitivity of commercially available rapid influenza antigen tests (RIATs) for pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus was 11 to 80 %, and generally evaluated at around 60 % for clinical specimens (Drexler et al., 2009; Lee et al., 2010; Lévêque et al., 2010; Louie et al., 2010). Moreover, currently available RIATs are only able to type influenza A and B viruses, and do not specifically subtype the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus. The aim of this study was thus to assess the diagnostic performances, comparatively to the rRTPCR assay, of a new RIAT, the ONE STEP influenza virus A/B/A(H1N1) pandemic rapid test (Standard Diagnostics; Bioline), which can detect the influenza viruses A and B, and subtype the pandemic (H1N1) 2009 in respiratory samples.

Evaluation of a new rapid test for the detection of influenza A and B viruses and pandemic (H1N1) 2009 virus subtyping in respiratory samples