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Clostridium difficile is recognized as a major cause of nosocomial antibioticassociated diarrhoea (AAD) and pseudomembranous colitis (Riley, 1998) and is a significant financial burden on modern health-care resources. Numerous C. difficile reservoirs exist within hospitals including environmental surfaces, ward and surgical staff (Verity et al., 2001) and colonized new admissions. This huge potential for infection of patients from diverse sources necessitates methods for typing C. difficile to understand the epidemiology of outbreaks and isolated cases, to identify any possible incidence of cross-infection and to set up surveillance programmes to monitor virulent strain emergence and hospital reservoirs (Northey et al., 2005). C. difficileassociated diarrhoea (CDAD) was previously assessed in our hospital in a different patient population (Dhawan et al., 1999). The aim of the present study was to define the incidence of CDAD among patients suffering from AAD and to analyse the genetic heterogeneity of the strains.

Detection and characterization of Clostridium difficile from patients with antibiotic-associated diarrhoea in a tertiary care hospital in North India