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Sampling campaigns in Greenland and Svalbard were executed to explore fungal diversity in cold habitats. Three very abundant groups of strains were discovered, consisting either of recently described or of yet-undescribed psychrophilic and oligotrophic yeasts and dimorphic fungi, accounting for around 50 % of the total cultivable diversity of basidiomycetes in our studies. The occurrence of these taxa has also been demonstrated by culture-independent methods. Based on phylogenetic analyses of ribosomal gene cluster sequences (D1/D2 domains of 28S (LSU), 18S (SSU), ITS with 5.8S rDNA) and sequences of protein-coding genes for elongation factor one alpha ( TEF ), cytochrome b ( CYTB ) and two subunits of the RNA polymerase II ( RPB1  and  RPB2 ) obtained from pure cultures, the isolated taxa presented in this study belong to Basidiomycota, subphylum Pucciniomycotina, class Microbotryomycetes, family Camptobasidiaceae. The dataset of the sequences supported the recognition of three species:  Camptobasidium gelus ,  Camptobasidium arcticum  sp. nov. (ex-type strain EXF-12713) and  Psychromyces glacialis  gen. and sp. nov. (ex-type strain EXF-13111).  Camptobasidium gelus  was found in the Svalbard and Greenland samples, while representatives of the here proposed new species,  C. arcticum , were found only in the Greenland Ice Sheet.  Psychromyces  gen. nov. was erected for the dimorphic/filamentous isolates found in Svalbard and Greenland glacial environments. The taxon, for which the invalid name ‘ Rhodotorula svalbardensis ’ has been used, belongs to this genus. Based on ribosomal genes,  Camptobasidium arcticum  and  Psychromyces glacialis  are related, phylogenetically most closely related to the genera  Glaciozyma  and  Cryolevonia . Seven genes phylogeny restricted to taxa with available sequences, supported the placement of  Psychromyces  to Camptobasidiaceae.

international journal of systematic and evolutionary microbiology

Greenland and Svalbard glaciers host unknown basidiomycetes: the yeast Camptobasidium arcticum sp. nov. and the dimorphic Psychromyces glacialis gen. and sp. nov.