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For many smallholder farmers of Sub-Saharan Africa, pigeonpea ( Cajanus cajan ) is an important crop to make ends meet. To ascertain the taxonomic status of pigeonpea isolates of Côte d'Ivoire previously identified as bradyrhizobia, a polyphasic approach was applied to strains CI-1B T , CI-14A, CI-19D and CI-41S. Phylogeny of 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) genes placed these nodule isolates in a separate lineage from current species of the B. elkanii super clade. In phylogenetic analyses of single and concatenated partial dnaK , glnII , gyrB , recA and rpoB sequences, the C. cajan isolates again formed a separate lineage, with strain CI-1B T sharing the highest sequence similarity (95.2 %) with B. tropiciagri SEMIA 6148 T . Comparative genomic analyses corroborated the novel species status, with 86 % ANIb and 89 % ANIm as the highest average nucleotide identity (ANI) values with B. elkanii USDA 76 T . Although CI-1B T , CI-14A, CI-19D and CI-41S shared similar phenotypic and metabolic properties, growth of CI-41S was slower in/on various media. Symbiotic efficacy varied significantly between isolates, with CI-1B T and CI-41S scoring on the C. cajan 'Light-Brown' landrace as the most and least proficient bacteria, respectively. Also proficient on Vigna radiata (mung bean), Vigna unguiculata (cowpea, niébé) and additional C. cajan cultivars, CI-1B T represents a potential bioinoculant adapted to local soil conditions and capable of fostering the growth of diverse legume crops in Côte d'Ivoire. Given the data presented here, we propose the 19 C . cajan isolates to belong to a novel species called Bradyrhizobium ivorense sp. nov., with CI-1B T (=CCOS 1862 T =CCMM B1296 T ) as a type strain.

Bradyrhizobium ivorense sp. nov. as a potential local bioinoculant for Cajanus cajan cultures in Côte d’Ivoire