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The SDS-insoluble protein fraction of Agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies was solubilized with trifluoroacetic acid. On SDS-PAGE this fraction was found to contain one abundant protein with an apparent M(r) of 16 kDa. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of this protein was determined and RT-PCR used to isolate a cDNA clone which upon sequencing identified the protein as a typical class I hydrophobin (ABH1). The gene (ABH1) was isolated and sequenced, and a second hydrophobin gene (ABH2) was found about 2.5 kbp downstream of ABH1. Purified ABH1 self-assembled at hydrophobic-hydrophilic interfaces, producing the typical rodlet layer known from other hydrophobins. Similar rodlets were observed on the surface of the fruiting body, while immunological localization showed the hydrophobin to be particularly abundant at the outer surface of fruiting bodies, in the veil and in the core tissue of the stipe. Transcripts of ABH1 were found only in fruiting-body hyphae. The ABH1 hydrophobin is probably solely responsible for the hydrophobicity of the fruiting-body surface but may also line air channels within fruiting bodies.

An abundant hydrophobin (ABH1) forms hydrophobic rodlet layers in Agaricus bisporus fruiting bodies