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Ehrenberg recognized three species in the genus-Spirillum tenue, 5. undula, and 2. volutans. One species, 2. tenue, was described as new, the other two had previously been included by Muller in his genus Vibrio. Ehrenberg d is tinguished the species on the basis of the diameter of the cells, the type of spiral curvature, and the type of motility. Essentially the same morphological characters were used throughout the next hundred years in the separation of the species. Physioiogical and biochemical charac te rs have had little application in writing diagnoses of the species of Spirillum. Two reasons f o r this failure to u s e physiological characters a r e : (1) many of the species of the genus were named and described pr ior to the development of techniques f o r recognition of physiological differences in bacter ia ; (2) even more important is the fact that species of Spirillum as studied today show few if any distinctive physiological o r biochemical character is t ics such as those used i n the identification and characterization of many other bacteria. Species of bacteria a r e commonly characterized byphys iological charac te rs ; morphological characters , as a rule, a r e used only in the higher taxa, such as family and order , -

Some Problems in the Identification and Classification of Species of Spirillum II. Later Taxonomy of the Genus Spirillum