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A recent case report of in-utero infection with Pasteurella multocida’ stimulated a plea2 for a more detailed description of the causal organism. In reply, the original authors3 described the isolate as follows : growing on blood agar as small, gray, shining colonies, but not on MacConkey Agar; gramnegative cocco-bacilli ; indole produced, catalase and oxidase present ; nitrate reduced ; urease absent ; glucose and sucrose “characteristic of P. multocida ” (presumably fermented) ; sorbitol fermented. The strain had been identified with the API system. This description is strikingly similar to that which could be applied to some Haemophilus spp., especially certain biotypes of H. injluenzae and H. parainj l ~ e n z a e . ~ The main discrepancy is in the growth on blood agar. However, many Haemophilus spp. will grow sufficiently on most blood-agar formulations for growth to be discernible. This is of considerable relevance, as it may not be widely appreciated that if Haemophilus spp. are unwittingly put into the API system, they can be misidentified as Pasteurella spp. We first became aware of this when a urinary isolate of H. injluenzae was misidentified as P. m~l toc ida .~ Because of these possibilities, a further three strains each of H. injluenzae and H. parainjluenzae (identified by their requirements for X and V factors) were tested in this laboratory in API 20E and 20NE identification strips (bioM6rieux UK Ltd, Basingstoke, Hants). The results, together with those from the previous strain r e p ~ r t e d , ~ are shown in the table. These indicate that there is a serious possibility that H. injluenzae or H. parainfluenzae may be misidentified as Pasteurella spp. (most likely as P. pneumotropica). In view of this, it would be reasonable to recommend that if an isolate is identified with the API system as P. pneurnotropica, P. multocida or P. haemolytica, especially if it comes from an unexpected source (e.g., without any history of animal contact), the strain should be tested for X and V dependency. Pasteurella spp. should grow well on the nutrient agar used for this test, whereas Haemophilus spp. grow only around the appropriate supplements.

A possible pitfall in the identification of Pasteurella spp. with the API system