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SUMMARY The heat evolved by growing Nitrobacter is a measure of its efficiency of free energy utilization which is related to the apparent molar heat of sub- strate oxidation. The maximum free energy efficiency was about 50 % of a total free energy change of - 17-5 kcal./mole. The molar growth yield decreased rapidly with the age from 10' to 3 x 106 organisms/pmole substrate. The free energy needed for the synthesis of one Nitrobacter varied from 0.45 nanoca- lories at the onset of growth to 2.9 at later stages. From these values and the bacterial enthalpy content its negentropy content can be calculated.

Calorimetric Determination of Free Energy Efficiency in Nitrobacter winogradskyi