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SUMMARY Qualitative and quantitative analyses of formamide extracts of group F streptococci revealed rhamnose, glucose, galactose, glucosamine and galactosamine as main components. The rhamnose content was high. Streptococci, carrying a type antigen in the cell wall, excreted into the medium also a polysaccharide with the same serological activity. These soluble polysaccharides contained no muramic acid, small amounts of rhamnose, but had a high glucosamine and mannose content. Column chromatography on DEAE-cellulose revealed the formamide extracts to be heterogeneous. Over 90 yo of the serological activity could be recovered in one of the fractions. Inhibition reactions of the quantitative precipita- tion with a number of simple sugars gave indications about the composi- tion of the determinant groups of group and type antigens. Rhamnose was inactive in all cases. The determinant group of the group F antigen is at least a disaccharide with a /3-glucosidic moiety. The determinants of the type antigens I and I1 probably contain N-acetyl-galactosamine. There is evidence for a second determinant in type antigen 11. The determinants of type antigens I11 and V contain a ,8-glucosidic moiety, that of antigen IV a P-galactosidic moiety. A large number of indifferent (no a- or P-haemolysis) and haemolytic streptococci isolated from dental root canals have been shown to belong to the serological groups F and G of the Lancefield system (Winkler & van Amerongen, 1959). Ottens (1961) and Ottens & Winkler (1962) found that some of the group F strains contained several type antigens apart from the group antigen. These type antigens were called I, 11, 111, IV and V. Other strains containing merely the group antigen but no known type antigen were indicated as F. 0. Strains which contained a type antigen but no group antigen were indicated as 0. I, 0. I1 and 0. IV. The type antigens I11 and V were never found separately from the group antigen. Ottens & Winkler (1962) demonstrated that type antigen I occurred in indifferent and haemo- lytic strains of group G; the type I11 antigen occurred in indifferent strains of group C. Both the group antigen F and the type antigens were shown to be carbo- hydrates. Cummins & Harris (1956) have shown that the cell walls of group F streptococci contain the following sugars and amino sugars : glucose, galactose, rhamnose, glucosamine, galactosamine and muramic acid. In the present paper analyses of cell walls and cell wall antigens, obtained by formamide extraction of the afore-

Chemical Analysis and Inhibition Reactions of the Group and Type Antigens of Group F Streptococci