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SUMMARY Ampicillin sensitivity tests and tests for ampicillin inactivation were made with 148 strains of coliform bacilli. A correlation was found in strains of Proteus mirabilis and Klebsiella between ampicillin resistance and inactivation. No correlation was obtained with Escherichia coli, whether sensitive or resistant to ampicillin, although small amounts of peni- cillinase were produced. Ampicillin-sensitive strains of P. mirabilis showed even lower amounts of penicillinase. The strains of Pseudornonas pyocyanea (muginosa) were resistant to ampicillin, but also showed low penicillinase levels. No evidence of induction of penicillinase was obtained with E. coli or Klebsiella in the presence of methicillin, ampicillin or cephalosporin C. The ampicillin-inactivating enzyme is a 8-lactamase, not an amidase. Resistance of ampicillin-sensitive strains of E. coli was increased rapidly by serial subcultures but was not associated with higher penicillinasevalues. Ampicillin was inactivated less rapidly than was benzylpenicillin by peni- cillinase from an E. coli strain.

Ampicillin Inactivation and Sensitivity of Coliform Bacilli