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SUMMARY There were found considerably fewer biochemically active micro- organisms among heterotrophs inhabiting the equatorial-tropical zone of the World Ocean than in the high latitude area. Many micro-organisms with many-sided enzymic activities were present in the microbial popula- tion of the near-polar area, determining more profound transformations of organic matter in the waters of these areas as compared with the tropical area and consequently an increased concentration of biogenic substances. It is suggested that there is a unique exchange between the areas of low latitudes and those of high latitudes in the World Ocean. Currents driving equatorial-tropical waters to the north and south carry with them organic matter, chiefly allochthonous in origin; this material is more completely decomposed by the microbial species which inhabit high latitudes. The liberated biogenic substances are carried by currents into the depths of other geographic areas, thus increasing the reserve of sub- stances taking part in the primary production of organic matter in these areas of the World Ocean. INTRODUCTION Microbiological investigations in the Indian, Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, in the Central Arctic, Norwegian and Greenland Seas and in the seas of the Antarctic, made it possible to accumulate data on the quantitative distribution (Kriss, Abyzov, Lebedeva, Mishustina & Mitskevitch, 1960) and species composition of the microbial population in the World Ocean. The ultrafiltration method (Kriss, 1959) was used to obtain cultures of micro- organisms inhabiting the seas and oceans examined. The primary treatment of the water and mud samples was done in the microbiological laboratory on board ship immediately after collection. Water samples were filtered through membrane filters which subsequently were placed on nutrient agar (tryptic hydrolysate of fish flour, 50 g. ; ocean water, 1000*0 ml.). Mud suspensions were inoculated on this agar in appropriate dilutions. The colonies were transferred to agar slopes of the same composition; often representatives of dissimilar colonies were taken. The test tubes were kept in the ship's laboratory until visible growth appeared; after this they were stored in a refrigerator (+2" to +4") till the expedition came to an end. Thus a collection of over 4000 strains of heterotrophic micro-organisms was obtained, This collection reflected the composition of the microbial population in various places of the World Oceans, i.e. from the North Pole to the Antarctic coast and at different depths, from the surface down to the bottom. The whole collection, I5

Biochemical Activity of Micro-organisms Isolated from Various Regions of the World Ocean