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SUMMARY: A purified cellular polysaccharide was obtained from a non-capsulated pneumococcus (Streptococcus pneumoniae, strain R19, derived from a Type I1 organism). The main purification steps were peptic, tryptic and ribonuclease digestions, removal of protein by the Sevag technique and ethanol precipitation of the polysaccharide. Ribonuclease digestion was an essential step in the purification procedure. The constituent sugars of the isolated polysaccharide were galactose, mannose and glucosamine. The acetyl content of the polysaccharide indicated that the glucosamine was fully acetylated on the N position and that some 0-acetyl was also present. The phosphorus content was not entirely explicable in terms of the known ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) contamination. Residual amino acid was consistently present which may have been due to bound amino acids or to protein contamination. A study of the uridine pyrophosphoglycosyl compounds of the pneumococcus (Smith, Mills & Harper, 1957a) showed the presence of uridine pyrophospho- glucose (UPPglucose) and uridine pyrophosphoglucuronic acid (UPP- glucuronic acid) in Streptococcus pneumoniue, strain R 19, derived from a Type I1 organism, and in a capsulated S. pneumoniue, Type 111, strain A66. The uridine pyrophosphoglycosyl compound, uridine pyrophosphogalact- uronic acid (UPPgalacturonic acid), has also been isolated from a capsulated S. pneumoniae Type I (Smith, Mills & Harper, 1957b). It was suggested by the above authors that such uridine derivatives function as sugar-transferring agents in the synthesis of the capsular polysaccharides of S. pneumoniae. Uridine pyrophosphoacetylglucosamine (UPPacetylglucosamine) has also been isolated in considerable amounts from all the above pneumococcal types, and it has been proposed (Smith et al. 1957a) that this compound is functional in synthesis of the cellular polysaccharide of pneumococci. It was therefore considered essential to investigate the structure of this polysaccharide to determine whether or not acetylglucosamine is a constituent of this material. Information about composition of the cellular polysaccharide of pneumo- cocci is scant. In 1930 Enders, utilizing an autolysate from a Type I pneumo- coccus, obtained an immune rabbit serum by repeated injections of the auto- lysate ; when the serum was tested against the type-specific polysaccharide no precipitate was formed, but with an autolysate from smooth Type I pneumo- coccus the serum gave a definite precipitin reaction. An effect analogous to that described by Enders was reported by Sabin (1981), by Wadsworth &

The Cellular Polysaccharide of a Type II non-capsulated Pneumococcus