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From time to time in marine, freshwater and brackish habitats water blooms, consisting of enormous local growths of algae or protozoa, occur. In the sea these are commonly known as ‘red tides’ or ‘red water’, but may be of any colour from red to brown, green, yellow or merely cloudy. These blooms may be quite harmless, but are capable of producing conditions leading to mass mortalities, which can involve fish, shellfish and other animals. The mortality may be due to actual toxins produced by the bloom, or to secondary conditions such as oxygen deficiency, hydrogen sulphide liberation as a result of decomposition, or to bacterial pollution, This paper is concerned only with marine algal flagellates which themselves produce toxins, and is, of necessity, a very limited account of these, as the literature on the subject is vast and cannot be covered in a communication of this type. Most of the information available concerns toxic flagellates which form components of ‘ red tides ’.

Toxic Marine Flagellates; their Occurrence and Physiological Effects on Animals