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A phage (ϕ63) for generalized transduction in Bacillus thuringiensis was isolated from a soil sample. The diameter of the head was 95 nm and the tail length was 200 nm. The growth cycle required 75 min and the burst size was 330. Phage ϕ63 was stabilized by Ca2+ ions and phage stocks could be stored cold without loss of titre. The frequency of transduction of Leu+ into an auxotrophic strain was 2 x 10-6. The frequency of transduction of genes for resistance to nalidixic acid, rifampicin, streptomycin and spectinomycin was generally an order of magnitude lower. Phage ϕ63 could cotransduce these four genes for antibiotic resistance. Crosses were performed which established the gene order as nalA—rifA—strA—spcA. Heterologous cotransduction of rifA and strA at reasonable frequencies was obtained in three of six subspecies.

A Phage for Generalized Transduction in Bacillus thuringiensis and Mapping of Four Genes for Antibiotic Resistance