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Cotesia congregata polydnavirus (CcPDV) is essential for successful parasitism of Manduca sexta larvae by the braconid wasp Cotesia congregata. To determine the molecular mechanisms for the vertical transmission of CcPDV in the wasps, we analysed the different forms of the virus sequences containing the gene encoding the early parasitism-specific protein 1 (EP1). By a detailed molecular analysis, we demonstrated that the EP1 sequences are present in wasp DNA in two forms: a circular form as seen in the virus particles and a form integrated into the wasp genome. Moreover, we showed that the integrated form of the EP1 sequences is able to excise in the ovary cells. A fragment corresponding to an EP1 'empty locus' (without the viral sequence) was PCR-amplified from ovarian DNA. Comparison of the sequences isolated from the EP1 circle, the integrated form and the empty locus revealed that the extremities of the EP1 genomic sequences constitute a direct repeat. Strikingly, these sequences contain a potential binding site for a recombinase of the Hin family located in close vicinity to the position where the DNA strand exchange occurs. Thus, the data bear upon the possibility that the bracovirus circles are excised via a mechanism related to the Hin mediated Conservative Specific-Specific Recombination (CSSR) of prokaryotes.

journal of general virology

Excision of the polydnavirus chromosomal integrated EP1 sequence of the parasitoid wasp Cotesia congregata (Braconidae, Microgastinae) at potential recombinase binding sites.