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Processing and assembly of bovine leukaemia virus-like particles were studied in African green monkey kidney cells using recombinant vaccinia viruses (rVVs) expressing regions of the bovine leukaemia virus genome. Unprocessed gag precursor protein (Pr44) was detected in immunoblot analysis of lysed cells and particles sedimented from culture supernatants after infection with a rVV carrying the gag and truncated protease (pro) gene. Processing of Pr44 was observed after infection of cells with a rVV carrying the gag and pro gene or a rVV expressing the gag, pro and polymerase (pol) gene. Reverse transcriptase activity was detected only in association with particles produced by gag-, pro- and pol-expressing recombinants. Thin section electron microscopic analysis of infected cells and pelleted particles revealed that Pr44 and processed gag proteins assembled at the cell membrane. Pr44 was released into the cell culture media as immature virus-like particles, whereas processed gag proteins from rVVs expressing gag and pro or gag, pro and pol formed mature particles.

Retrovirus-like particles produced by vaccinia viruses expressing gag-pro-pol region genes of bovine leukaemia virus