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We have measured the interferon-inducing particle (i.f.p.) activity of a ts mutant, GII (I), of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) and a non-ts revertant, RI (T1026) in "aged" chick embryo cells and mouse (L(Y) cells at 40.5 and 37.5 degrees C, respectively. Our results suggest that a single i.f.p. suffices to induce a quantum yield of interferon and that there are several times more i.f.p. than plaque-forming particles (p.f.p.) in stock preparations of VSV. Furthermore, while virus replication or amplified RNA synthesis is not required for a particle of VSV to induce interferon, there is a requirement for primary transcription. About one-tenth of the genome must remain intact and be transcribed to synthesize an interferon-inducer moiety. (This represents transcription of about two-thirds of the N protein gene.) We conclude that VSV does not contain a pre-formed inducer of interferon and propose a model for its formation. We suggest that there is a cumulative loss of N (and/or NS and L) protein from the ribonucleoprotein complex during primary transcription, leading ultimately to extensive base-pairing between the genome RNA and its complementary transcript. We suggest that the dsRNA thus formed constitutes the interferon inducer moiety of VSV.

Interferon Induction by Viruses. III. Vesicular Stomatitis Virus: Interferon-inducing Particle Activity Requires Partial Transcription of Gene N