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After immunization with Sindbis virus, T-cell deficient nude mice, compared to normal littermates, were equally protected against challenge with Sindbis virus. However, the nude mice showed about one-tenth the protection observed with normal littermates after challenge with Semliki Forest virus at a dose of 100 LD50. This consistent with our previous interpretation that sensitized T-cell populations play a major role in cross protection between the two togaviruses. The remaining low level of specific cross protection in nude mice (detectable only at a challenge dose of 10 LD50) could not be attributed to an anamnestic response of neutralizing antibody to the challenge virus or to an effective antibody-dependent, complement-mediated cytolysis of infected cells in vivo. Other possible compensatory mechanisms to explain the low level of specific cross protection in nude mice are discussed.

Cross Protection among Togaviruses in Nude Mice and Littermates