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Reexamination of the morphological, cultural, and physiological characteristics of Streptomyces spitsbergensis Wieczorek et al. 1993 revealed that this organism belongs to the whorl-forming streptomycetes, and DNA-DNA hybridization data confirmed that S. spitsbergensis is a later subjective synonym of Streptomyces baldaccii (Farina and Locci 1966) Witt and Stackebrandt 1991. Streptomyces spitsbergensis, which was proposed as a new species of the genus Streptomyces by Wieczorek et al. (6), has been described as follows: the morphology of its spore chains is recti-flexibilis, its aerial mass color is pink to violet, its sub- strate mycelium is red to reddish brown, and it utilizes glucose, xylose, raffinose, and rhamnose. However, we unexpectedly found that the strain provided by the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) forms whorls in its aerial mycelia. To re- examine the organism, we obtained the original strain from the Polish Collection of Microorganisms (PCM). The morpholog- ical, cultural, and physiological characteristics and patterns of utilization of carbon sources of the two strains studied were the same. In addition, the levels of DNA relatedness between the two strains were 92 to 97%, indicating that these organisms are identical genomically. In this study we characterized S. spits- bergensis IF0 15745T (= ATCC 51269T = PCM 2404T) (T = type strain) by using the International Streptomyces Project (ISP) method (5) and identified this organism as Streptomyces baldaccii (Farina and Locci 1966) Witt and Stackebrandt 1991 (2, 7) on the basis of DNA-DNA hybridization data (1). S. spitsbergensis IF0 15745T (= ATCC 51269T = PCM 2404T), S. baldaccii IF0 14693T, and whorl-forming Streptomy- ces species having red series aerial and substrate mycelia as (Table 1) were used. These strains were cultured in 5-ml por- tions of YG medium (1% glucose, 1 % yeast extract; pH 7.0) in test tubes at 28°C for 2 days on a reciprocal shaker. The cultured mycelia were harvested and washed twice with sterile distilled water and then suspended in 5 ml of sterile water. Washed mycelia were inoculated onto four kinds of agar plates (ISP media 2, 3, 4, and 5) as recommended by Shirling and Gottlieb (5) and incubated at 28°C for 14 days. The morpho- logical, cultural, and physiological characteristics of the organ- isms were observed and described by using the ISP method (5). DNAs were extracted from the organisms and purified by the method of Saito and Miura (4). DNA-DNA hybridization ex- periments were performed by the method of Ezaki et al. (1) at a temperature of 55°C in 2X SSC (1 X SSC is 0.15 M NaCl plus 0.015 M sodium citrate, pH 7.0) containing 50% formamide. Each experiment was performed at least three times, and the

international journal of systematic bacteriology

Streptomyces spitsbergensis Wieczorek et al. 1993 Is a Later Subjective Synonym of Streptomyces baldaccii (Farina and Locci 1966) Witt and Stackebrandt 1991