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A new halophilic chemoorganotrophic bacterium (strain H150T [T = type strain]) related to Haloiizcola sacclzarolytica was isolated from the hypersaline sediments of Retba Lake in Senegal. This organism was a rod-shaped, motile, non-spore-forming, gram-negative obligate anaerobe that grew optimally in the presence of 10% NaCl and at 40°C. The DNA base composition was 31.7 & 0.3 mol% guanine plus cytosine. The fermentation products from glucose were acetate, H,, and CO,. The fermentable substrates included cellobiose, fructose, glucose, maltose, lactose, glycerol, mannitol, mannose, ribose, raffinose, and sucrose. Penicillin G, cephalosporin C, novobiocin, vancomycin, and chloramphenicol inhibited growth. As determined by DNA-DNA hybridization, strain H150T was 71% related to H. sacclzarolyticu, with AT,,, value of 6.0"C. However, strain H150T exhibited marked phenotypic differences, particularly in the range of substrates used, when it was compared with the type species of the genus Haloincola. For this isolate we propose the name Haloiizcola saccharolytica subsp. seizegalensis subsp. nov.; strain H150 (= DSM 7379) is the type strain of this taxon. Although most studies of hypersaline environments have been limited to aerobic organisms, these ecosystems are also inhabited by a wide range of anaerobic microorganisms, including photosynthetic, methanogenic, fermentative, and sulfate-reducing bacteria (14). In the past few years, there has been an increased interest in searching for new strains of anaerobic bacteria in these environments in order to understand the mechanisms involved in osmotic regulation and enzymatic activities at high salt concentrations. Only the following 11 fermentative, strictly anaerobic, moderately halophilic bacteria have been described to date (12): Haloanaerobium praevalens, from bottom sediments of the Great Salt Lake in Utah (24); Halobacteroides halobius (17), Sporolzalobacter lortetii, and Sporohalobacter nzarisnzoitui (16), from sediments of the Dead Sea; Halobacteroides acetoetlzyliCUS, from deep subsurface gas-bearing sandstones and brine waters associated with an injection water filter on an offshore oil rig in the Gulf of Mexico (19); Haloanaerobacter clzitinovorans, from a solar saltern in southern California (10); Halobacteroides lacunalis, from hypersaline Lake Chokrak (Kerch Peninsula) (25); Haloincola sacclzarolytica (27), Acetohalobium arabaticum (26), and Halocella cellulolytica (21), from Lake Sivash; and Halothe~mothrix orenii, from sediment from a Tunisian hypersaline lake (chott El-Guettar) (4). A 16s rRNA oligonucleotide cataloging analysis of most of these species showed that they are related to each other and are different in some ways from members of other subgroups belonging to the eubacterial kingdom. A new family, the Haloanaerobiaceae, has been described by Oren et al. (15). All bacteria belonging to the family Haloaizaerobiaceae produce acetate from carbohydrates. The homoacetogenesis

international journal of systematic bacteriology

Haloincola saccharolytica subsp. senegalensis subsp. nov., Isolated from the Sediments of a Hypersaline Lake, and Emended Description of Haloincola saccharolytica