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A total of 23 strains of halophilic histamine-producing bacteria previously isolated from marine fish and seawater were studied phenotypically, genotypically, and phylogenetically. These organisms are facultatively anaerobic, gram-negative, short rods that are motile by means of one to three unsheathed polar flagella. They are mesophilic and nonluminescent, produce oxidase, utilize d-glucose but not d-mannitol as a carbon and energy source, and accumulate poly-β-hydroxybutyrate. The guanine-plus-cytosine contents of the DNAs are ca. 41 mol%. Genomic DNA hybridization experiments revealed that some of the isolates exhibited low levels of reassociation (less than 40%) with previously described Photobacterium species. 16S rRNA gene sequence information confirmed the phylogenetic position of one of the isolates, strain C-8T (T = type strain), as a member of the genus Photobacterium. Therefore, we concluded that these organisms are members of a new species of the genus Photobacterium and propose the name Photobacterium histaminum sp. nov. for them. The type strain is strain C-8 (= JCM 8968).

Photobacterium histaminum sp. nov., a Histamine-Producing Marine Bacterium