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A new aerobic, gram-positive, motile coccus isolated from soil is described. Strain RA 333= (T = type strain) has the following characteristics: menaquinone MK-9(H2); G+C content of DNA of 73.9 mol%; meso- diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid, and alanine in a molar ratio of ca. 1:1:2 (type Aly); and arabinose and galactose in the cell wall. The two sugars are contained in the cell wall as an arabinogalactan polymer, Mycolic acids are not present. The taxonomic characteristics of this organism are different from those of previously described aerobic, gram-positive cocci, The name Kineococcus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is strain RA 333, which has been deposited in the Institute for Fermentation, Osaka, as strain IF0 15268. The following six genera of aerobic, gram-positive cocci have been described previously: Micrococcus (ll), Deino- lcoccus (2), Planococcus (1 l), Marinococcus (9), Sporosar- cina (3), and Salinicoccus (23). Among the members of these genera, Planococcus, Marinococcus, and Sporosarcina spe- cies and some strains of Micrococcus agilis (12) are known to be motile. During the course of our taxonomic study of motile actinomycetes isolated from natural sources, we found that a gram-positive coccus with a high DNA guanine-plus- cytosine (G+C) content and rneso-diaminopimelic acid (DAP) in its cell wall, which was isolated from soil in India, is motile and has taxonomic characteristics distinct from those of previously described aerobic, gram-positive cocci. In this paper, we describe the morphological, physiological, and chemotaxonomic characteristics of this isolate, strain RA 333=, (T = type strain), and propose a new genus and species for this strain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Bacterial strains and culture conditions. Microorganisms exhibiting motility were screened by the dilution plate method on a medium containing 1.0% soluble starch, 0.1% casein, 0.05% K,HPO,, and 1.5% agar (pH 7.0 to 7.5) supplemented with 25 pg of nalidixic acid per ml, 12.5 pg of kanamycin per ml, 5.0 pg of cefsulodin per ml, and 6.25 p,g of kabicidin per ml. Strain RA 333T was isolated from soil obtained from the Indore region of India. For chemotaxo- nomic studies this strain was grown in shake cultures (10 g of yeast extract and 10 g of glucose in 1 liter of water; pH 7.0) at 28"C, harvested in the stationary phase, washed twice with water, and then freeze-dried. M. agiZis IF0 15260T was used as a reference strain for the polar lipid study. Morphological and cultural characteristics. Cell morphol- ogy was examined by using cells grown on yeast extract-malt extract agar (4 g of yeast extract, 10 g of malt extract, 4 g of D-glucose, and 15 g of agar; pH 7.3). The sample used for scanning electron microscopy with a model JSM 5400 scan- ning electron microscope (JEOL, Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) was prepared by dehydrating cells through a graded ethanol series and then in a Hitachi model HCP-2 critical point drying apparatus. Motility was observed under a light micro- scope by using cells in the logarithmic growth phase grown on yeast extract-malt extract agar or cells in the stationary phase after incubation at 28°C for 1 h in 0.01 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.0) containing 10% soil extract. Flagellation was observed with a model JEM-1200EX transmission electron microscope (JEOL) after shadowing with platinum-palla-

international journal of systematic bacteriology

Kineococcus aurantiacus gen. nov., sp. nov., a New Aerobic, Gram-Positive, Motile Coccus with meso-Diaminopimelic Acid and Arabinogalactan in the Cell Wall