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In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 1, only one species is listed in the genus Gluconobacter. One other species, Gluconobucter cerinus, was proposed by Yamada and Akita in 1984. However, recent deoxyribonucleic arid-deoxyribonucleic acid homology studies have produced evidence of at least three distinct homology groups that are believed to represent three species within this genus. In this paper we report results obtained by using 35 strains and 58 phenotypic characteristics. Three tests were useful in differentiating the three Gluconobacter species. Homology group I strains grew to an optical density (OD) of only 0.5 U or less on medium containing ribitol or arabitol as the primary carbon source, and they grew to an OD of only 0.5 U or less after three passages (24 h of incubation each) in nicotinate-deficient media. We propose that the name Gluconobacter oxyduns (Henneberg 1897) De Ley 1961 be retained for these strains. Homology group I1 strains grew to an OD of more than 1.0 U on medium containing ribitol or arabitol as the primary carbon source, and they grew to an OD of more than 1.0 U after three passages (24 h of incubation each) in nicotinate-deficient media. We propose that the group I1 gluconobacters be named Gluconobacter frateurii sp. nov. All of the typical strains of homology group 111 grew to an OD of 0.5 U or less on medium containing ribitol or arabitol as the primary carbon source, but they grew to an OD of 1.0 U or more after three passages (24 h of incubation each) in nicotinate-deficient ^media. We propose that the group I11 gluconobacters be named Cluconobacter asaii sp. nov. The genus Gluconobacter is one of two industrially impor- tant genera of gram-negative rods which are placed in the

international journal of systematic bacteriology

Phenotypic Characteristics Correlated with Deoxyribonucleic Acid Sequence Similarities for Three Species of Gluconobacter: G. oxydans (Henneberg 1897) De Ley 1961, G. frateurii sp. nov., and G. asaii sp. nov.