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The phylogenetic interrelationship of members of the genera Nocardioides and Pimelobacter were examined by using reverse transcriptase sequencing of 16s ribosomal ribonucleic acid. The sequence studies demon- strated that Nocardioides albus, Nocardioides luteus, Pimelobacter jensenii, and Pimelobacter simplex represent a coherent phylogenetic group at the genus level, whereas Pimelobacter tumescens occupies a separate line of descent. On the basis of sequence data and the chemotaxonomic distinctiveness of the latter organism, we propose that Pimelobacter tumescens be reclassified in a new genus, Terrabacter, as Terrabacter tumescens comb. nov. Arthrobacter simplex and Arthrobacter tumescens are among the few named species of coryneform bacteria which contain cell wall peptidoglycans based on ~~-2,6-diaminopi- melic acid (5, 16). The two species thus differ in peptidogly- can composition from Arthrobacter globiformis, the type species of the genus, which contains lysine as the dibasic amino acid (16). Although there is now general agreement that these species should be removed from the genus Arthro- bacter, their taxonomic position remains controversial (10). Suzuki and Komagata (19) proposed the creation of a new genus, Pimelobacter, to accommodate these species. A third species, Pimelobacter jensenii, was also proposed for an atypical A. simplex strain (19). However, there is evidence of considerable chemical heterogeneity within the genus Pimelobacter (3, 12, 19). Pimelobacter (Arthrobacter) sim- plex and P. jensenii are unusual among coryneform and related bacteria in producing complex mixtures of straight- chain saturated, monounsaturated, and iso-, anteiso-, and 10-methyl branched fatty acids (3, 12, 19-21). However, Pimelobacter tumescens differs from these species in lacking 10-methyl branched acids and in containing substantial lev- els (ca. 20%) of monounsaturated terminally branched acids (3). P. simplex and P. jensenii also differ from P. tumescens in synthesizing 2-hydroxylated long-chain fatty acids (3, 12). The polar lipid compositions of these taxa are also quite different. P. simplex and P. jensenii possess diphospha- tidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, and hydroxyphospha- tidylglycerol (3, 12, 21). However, P. tumescens lacks hydroxyphosphatidylglycerol and in addition synthesizes two unknown aminophosphoglycolipids (3, 12). Such major differences in lipid composition between P. simplex and P. jensenii on the one hand and P. tumescens on the other hand indicate that these taxa should probably not be accommo- dated in the same genus. Interestingly, the lipid composition of P. simplex and P. jensenii is indistinguishable from that of members of the genus Nocardioides (3, 12). Indeed, primar- ily on the basis of similarity in lipid composition, O'Donnell et al. (12) proposed that P. simplex be transferred to the genus Nocardioides. However, P. simplex does not possess a nocardioform morphology (extended primary and aerial

international journal of systematic bacteriology

Transfer of Pimelobacter tumescens to Terrabacter gen. nov. as Terrabacter tumescens comb. nov. and of Pimelobacter jensenii to Nocardioides as Nocardioides jensenii comb. nov.